Periodontitis, periodontosis, periodontology, gum recession

Periodontology

Periodontal diseases, such as periodontitis, receding gums, or periodontal recessions, count among the most frequent diseases of central Europeans. In countries with a high standard of living at least 70 % of the population are suffering from gum diseases and especially from chronic periodontitis. Periodontal diseases can be subdivided into chronic and aggressive periodontites. Frequently periodontitis occurs together with diabetes, an HIV infection, heavy smoking and stress. Gum diseases are often the result of or accompanied by hormone-induced changes of the general condition, blood diseases, changes in the mucosa, malnutrition, or special medication.

Reasons for the appearance of periodontitis

Gum diseases are caused by a variety of factors. A key role, however, is played by the bacterial flora in the mouth. Especially with insufficient oral hygiene bacteria increase rapidly, which leads to reversible inflammations (gingivitis) and, finally, to life-long inflammations of the periodontium (periodontitis) which are in constant need of treatment. A weakened immune system, an unhealthy diet (too many proteins and carbohydrates), some medications, the abuse of alcohol, stress and especially smoking facilitate the spread of periodontal diseases. Another key factor is the genetic make-up: 30 % of the population produce so-called cytocines (transmitter substances for inflammations) excessively. These lead to the destruction of the periodontium. The combined effect of all these factors results in either a chronic or aggressive periodontitis.

Development of Periodontitis

Clinically visible signs of periodontitis (periodontosis) are bad breath, exposed root surfaces caused by gum recession, and a loss of stability in the affected teeth. If periodontitis is left unattended, it gradually leads via imflammations and receding gums to a loosening of teeth and ultimately to their loss. Chronic periodontitis develops gradually, but comes with acute surges. With aggressive periodontitis the patient seems healthy all in all. However, as soon as it breaks out, a quick destruction of the tissue ensues which is still localized during puberty and later spreads when the patient is in his thirties.